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Ruby

#9B111E·red family·WCAG AAA

Tints & Shades

50

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Scale from white (50) through Ruby (500) to black (900), interpolated in Lab color space.

Color Values

HEX
#9B111E
RGB
rgb(155, 17, 30)
HSL
hsl(354, 80%, 34%)
OKLCH
oklch(0.442 0.169 24)
CMYK
cmyk(0%, 89%, 81%, 39%)
Luminance:0.0746
CSS var:--color-ruby
Tailwind:bg-[#9B111E]

Accessibility

Score: 96/100

On White (#FFF)

8.42:1

AAA

On Black (#000)

2.49:1

Fail

On Light Gray (#F5F5F5)

7.73:1

AAA

Best text color on this background:

white8.42:1
Open in Contrast Checker →

Design Applications

Background

background-color: #9B111E

Text Color

color: #9B111E

bg-[#9B111E] text-[#FFFFFF]

Accent border card component

border-left: 4px solid #9B111E

Color Meaning & Psychology

Red is the most emotionally intense color in the spectrum. It stimulates the nervous system, accelerates respiration, and increases heart rate. Red commands attention through associations with blood, fire, danger, and passion — making it the dominant choice for warnings, calls-to-action, and brand identities that must stand out instantly. In food culture, red stimulates appetite. In romance, it signals desire. In sport, studies show red-clad competitors win more often. However, overuse creates aggression. The most effective red designs use it sparingly as a focal accent. Its deeper, richer tone gives it gravitas and sophistication, making it well-suited for primary brand colors, typography, and contexts where authority matters.

Industry Usage

Common contexts and industries where Ruby is applied in professional design.

  • Emergency alerts and warning systems
  • Food and beverage brands (appetite stimulation)
  • Sports teams and athletic wear
  • Calls-to-action and "Buy Now" buttons
  • Pharmaceutical packaging for urgent medications
  • Entertainment and gaming brands
  • Automotive brands emphasizing power and performance
  • Retail sale and clearance signage

Accessibility Considerations

Normal Text

Passes AA

4.5:1 minimum required

Large Text

Passes AA Large

3:1 minimum required

UI Components

Meets 1.4.11

3:1 for non-text UI

Ruby is a dark color. Use white (#FFFFFF) text on top of it for maximum readability (8.42:1). Avoid small black text on this background.

CSS & Code Examples

Background

background-color: #9B111E;

Text

color: #9B111E;

Border

border: 2px solid #9B111E;

Box Shadow

box-shadow: 0 4px 20px #9B111E40;

Gradient

background: linear-gradient(135deg, #9B111E, #d24a46);

Tailwind-style

--color-ruby: #9B111E;

Tailwind CSS Utilities

Use arbitrary value syntax in Tailwind CSS to apply Ruby without a custom config.

Background

bg-[#9B111E]

Text

text-[#9B111E]

Border

border-[#9B111E]

Ring

ring-[#9B111E]

Fill

fill-[#9B111E]

From (gradient)

from-[#9B111E]

Via (gradient)

via-[#9B111E]

To (gradient)

to-[#9B111E]

Design Tokens

Ready-to-use Ruby design token in CSS custom properties, SCSS, Tailwind v3/v4, and JSON formats.

CSS Custom Properties

:root {
  --color-ruby: #9B111E;
  --color-ruby-rgb: 155, 17, 30;
  --color-ruby-hsl: 354, 80%, 34%;
}

SCSS Variables

$color-ruby: #9B111E;
$color-ruby-rgb: 155, 17, 30;
$color-ruby-hsl: 354, 80%, 34%;

Tailwind v3 Config

// tailwind.config.js
module.exports = {
  theme: {
    extend: {
      colors: {
        'ruby': '#9B111E',
      },
    },
  },
};

Tailwind v4 (@theme)

/* tailwind.css */
@theme {
  --color-ruby: #9B111E;
}

JSON Design Token (W3C format)

{
  "ruby": {
    "value": "#9B111E",
    "type": "color",
    "description": "Ruby — #9B111E"
  }
}

What Does Ruby Mean? Color Psychology & Cultural Symbolism

Few colors carry as much cross-cultural psychological weight as the red family. Ruby channels this heritage—landing in the design spectrum as passion, a quality equally present in a "Buy Now" button and a luxury fashion house's logo.

  • In Western cultures red denotes importance (red carpets), danger (stop signs), love (Valentine's Day), and financial loss ("in the red")—a dual symbolism of celebration and warning that designers leverage depending on context.
  • Across China, India, and much of Southeast Asia, red is the color of luck, prosperity, and celebration. It dominates weddings, Lunar New Year, and auspicious occasions, carrying exactly the opposite of its Western "danger" connotation.
  • Ruby's deep lightness (34%) shifts its psychological register: Deep crimsons and burgundies shift urgency toward sophistication, authority, and depth—better for premium positioning than quick-reaction signals.
  • At 80% saturation, Ruby reads as vivid—Pure saturated reds are physiologically stimulating, triggering faster heart rate and heightened alertness—among the most attention-commanding tones in human visual perception.

For designers, Ruby is a precision instrument: powerful in small doses, overwhelming at scale. Restraint is its best amplifier.

How to Use Ruby in Design: Applications, Pairings & Best Practices

In digital interfaces, Ruby functions as a high-attention accent rather than a dominant tone. Even at small proportions, its vivid saturation (80%) carries enough visual weight to direct the eye precisely where needed.

  • UI components: primary action buttons, error and destructive states, delete confirmations—Ruby performs reliably in all these roles with its deep tonal character.
  • Brand & identity: call-to-action buttons, promotional banners, food packaging—contexts where Ruby's vivid quality creates the right register.
  • Typography: Ruby works as a background behind white text but requires careful sizing—test at intended heading and body sizes before finalizing.
  • As a dark tone, Ruby creates maximum contrast with white and light neutrals—excellent for creating premium dark-mode sections, bold headers, and high-drama brand moments
  • Proportional use: Ruby's vivid saturation (80%) means small applications—accents, highlights, icons—deliver maximum impact without visual fatigue. Reserve large-scale use for intentional brand moments.

For designers, Ruby is a precision instrument: powerful in small doses, overwhelming at scale. Restraint is its best amplifier.

Ruby Accessibility: WCAG Contrast Ratios, Color Blindness & Inclusive Design

Ruby (#9B111E) achieves a 8.42:1 contrast ratio with white text, surpassing the WCAG 2.1 AAA threshold of 7:1. This exceptional contrast qualifies it for body text, UI components at any size, and all accessibility-sensitive interface contexts. Relative luminance: 7.5%.

  • As text on white (#FFFFFF): 8.42:1 — AAA ✓
  • As text on black (#000000): 2.49:1 — Fail
  • Best text color on Ruby background: White (#FFFFFF) at 8.42:1
  • WCAG 2.1 luminance: 7.5% — low luminance (dark)—it provides strong contrast for white and light overlaid text, functioning well as a background in dark-mode and header contexts
  • Ruby qualifies for all text sizes including small body copy (AAA).
  • Color blindness consideration: protanopia and deuteranopia (red-green color blindness, ~8% of males) may affect how red-family colors are distinguished from greens and browns. For critical UI states, supplement color alone with shape, label, or pattern cues.

Always verify Ruby at its final intended size and weight using a real contrast checker—font weight and rendering environment affect perceived legibility beyond what raw ratios capture.

Ruby in Industry: Branding, Design & Market Applications

Across industry research, red-family tones consistently outperform competitors in categories built on energy, passion, urgency, and power. Ruby is a deep expression of this advantage—best positioned in Food & Beverage and adjacent markets.

  • Food & Beverage: Red stimulates appetite and accelerates purchase decisions. Fast food chains, hot sauce brands, and snack packaging use it deliberately because it increases caloric craving and speeds up decision-making at point of sale. (examples: Whole Foods, Trader Joe's, Blue Bottle Coffee) Avoid in fine dining or health-food contexts where a slower, more mindful experience is the goal.
  • Retail & E-commerce: The "red sale tag" is a globally conditioned retail convention. Red signals scarcity and urgency, making it the universal shorthand for clearance events, limited-time offers, and price callouts. (examples: Target, H&M, ASOS) Overuse exhausts the urgency signal—reserve it for genuinely time-limited promotions.
  • Sports & Entertainment: Red communicates competition, athletic energy, and tribal passion. From team jerseys to arena signage, it energizes crowds and aligns with the visceral intensity sports brands want to project. (examples: Spotify, Netflix, Hulu) Works best paired with black or white for maximum contrast and visual impact.
  • Brand positioning: Ruby is best suited for brands projecting energy, passion, importance. Categories outside this positioning—financial dashboards (loss association)—tend to see weaker results.
  • Adjacent applications: Beyond primary industries, Ruby works effectively in call-to-action buttons, promotional banners, food packaging—contexts where power serves a secondary but reinforcing role.

Ruby earns its strongest ROI in industries where trust and recognition compound over time: Food & Beverage, Retail & E-commerce, Sports & Entertainment. Use it to build the kind of brand recognition that decades reinforce.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the hex code for Ruby?
The hex code for Ruby is #9B111E. Its RGB values are rgb(155, 17, 30) and its HSL values are hsl(354, 80%, 34%).
What does Ruby mean in design?
Red is the most emotionally intense color in the spectrum. It stimulates the nervous system, accelerates respiration, and increases heart rate. Red commands attention through associations with blood, fire, danger, and passion — making it the dominant choice for warnings, calls-to-action, and brand identities that must stand out instantly. In food culture, red stimulates appetite. In romance, it signals desire. In sport, studies show red-clad competitors win more often. However, overuse creates aggression. The most effective red designs use it sparingly as a focal accent. Its deeper, richer tone gives it gravitas and sophistication, making it well-suited for primary brand colors, typography, and contexts where authority matters.
Is Ruby WCAG accessible?
Ruby (#9B111E) passes WCAG AAA on white with a 8.42:1 contrast ratio. Its overall accessibility score is 96/100.
What colors go well with Ruby?
Ruby pairs well with its complementary color Tiffany Cyan (#81D8D0). Analogous colors like Imperial Purple and French Pink also work harmoniously. Check the Color Harmonies section above for the full palette.
What is Ruby used for?
Ruby is commonly used for: Emergency alerts and warning systems; Food and beverage brands (appetite stimulation); Sports teams and athletic wear; Calls-to-action and "Buy Now" buttons; Pharmaceutical packaging for urgent medications.
What are the CSS and Tailwind values for Ruby?
In CSS, use `color: #9B111E` or `background-color: #9B111E`. The CSS custom property is `--color-ruby: #9B111E`. In Tailwind CSS, use the arbitrary value class `bg-[#9B111E]` for backgrounds or `text-[#9B111E]` for text.